The world's best male players are getting younger, but is it finally time to crown successors to the legendary Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo?
For the sixth straight year (read 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 here), ESPN brings you our list of the game's next top young stars aged 21 or under. Now 22, last year's No. 3 Bukayo Saka is too old to be included, while some others from 2023's top 10 -- Gabriel Martinelli, Josko Gvardiol and Moisés Caicedo -- are also over the age requirement, too.
Many of this year's crop have made their mark on the big stage already, but who has done enough to land a place on ESPN's list, what are their particular qualities, and how can they get even better? Collating the list for the fourth year running is Tor-Kristian Karlsen, who has worked as a scout and executive for clubs across Europe, including Monaco, Zenit and Watford. He explains his methodology before revealing his picks.
For the past two years, 39 has worked well, and from an initial long list of 100 players, those remaining are the ones who best satisfied my main criteria: appearances at the highest level, consistent performance over a sustained period and the potential to develop into a top-level footballer.
I used a sounding board consisting of professional scouts and sporting directors from several top European clubs before deciding on the final ranking, as well as some online scouting platforms. Personal preference also played a role.
In general, forwards get more playing time at a younger age than, say, central defenders, who tend to need more time to develop tactical awareness, positioning and understanding of the game. Beyond those who did make it, other defenders considered included: Jorrel Hato, Rico Lewis, Illia Zabarnyi, Aaron Hickey and Castello Lukeba.
It speaks volumes about the array of attacking talent that players such as Youssoufa Moukoko, Mathys Tel, Arthur Vermeeren, Yeremy Pino and Elye Wahi didn't make the final cut.
Drafted into the first team as a result of an injury crisis in November, the England U19 international grasped his chance and keeps getting playing time even as the club's more experienced midfielders return to fitness. Miley is not yet an undisputed regular, but he has come a long way in a short space of time and held his own in the Champions League against the likes of PSG and AC Milan.
Few other players on this list have been more heavily backed for a breakthrough by professional scouts. And, with 11 goals in 34 games this season, there have been signs that the Slovenia international is now ready to announce himself on the Bundesliga stage following his €24m move from Austria's FC Salzburg in the summer.
The France U21 international was signed by PSG for €45m last summer on the back of a breakout season at Lyon. It may have taken Barcola some time to properly announce himself for the Ligue 1 champions, but his impact has steadily grown since the turn of the year.
The 6-foot-5 centre-back has enjoyed a rapid rise after spending last season on loan at Dutch side PSV Eindhoven. In fact, Branthwaite has been among the top Premier League centre-backs this season, and transfer links with a number of top clubs have emerged as a result.
Given he burst onto the scene almost five years ago, Elliott may not quite yet be where many people expected him to be. Yet, with Liverpool's midfield suffering an injury crisis, the England U21 international has overcome his "supersub" status to become one of the team's most impactful players towards the latter part of the season.
Strengths: Whether operating on the right wing or in the centre as a No. 8 or No. 10, Elliott's determination and intensive pressing mean he's always on the move. From central positions, he picks excellent positions between the lines, and his willingness to always get on the ball ensures there is always a passing option open for his teammates. Technically gifted, with fine ball control, Elliott is only 5-foot-7 but often uses his body well to spin away from his marker. He is also one of the best dribblers in the Premier League at an astounding 64% success rate. His ability to gain meters in midfield -- especially when introduced later in the game against tired legs -- is extremely valuable for Liverpool.
How he can improve: With such good dribbling skills, he could justifiably up his amount of take-ons (only 2.6 per 90 minutes).
34. Leny Yoro, CB
Club/country: Lille/France
Age: 18
Estimated transfer value: €50m
One of the youngest centre-backs to feature regularly in one of Europe's top leagues, the 6-foot-3 France U21 international made his debut for Lille aged 16 in 2022 but has now become a key player for the side. Given his contract expires in 2025, every big club in Europe is looking at a possible €50m transfer for him in the summer, with Real Madrid and PSG most interested.
Strengths: With a calm style and laid-back body language, Yoro's game is particularly easy on the eye. In spite of his age, he hardly ever panics when on the ball and deals well with pressure, while he can play out from the back with either foot and has a passing success rate of 87%. In 2023-24 so far, he has also won 75% of his defensive duels and nearly 70% of his aerial challenges, mainly thanks to his outstanding jumping abilities. Though not the most vocal of defenders, Yoro communicates well with his teammates and positions himself as a passing option when needed.
How he can improve: While he has all the physical attributes to become a world-class defender, Yoro's next task should be to polish the tactical side of his game. At times he can be drawn into wide areas, which leaves his defence short of numbers in the box.
33. Ryan Gravenberch, CM
Club/country: Liverpool/Netherlands
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €40m
Gravenberch has been present in our annual U21 ranking for the past three years (13th in 2022; 22nd in 2023) and remains one of the most heavily debated inclusions. While there have been flashes of his immense talent during his first season at Liverpool, there's also a feeling that the ex-Ajax and Bayern Munich midfielder keeps sliding backwards.
Strengths: There's little lacking in Gravenberch's game in terms of technical ability, physical attributes or tactical awareness. The versatile midfielder brings elegance and flair to the No. 6, No. 8, or No. 10 positions and he still has great potential, but his Liverpool career is a work in progress as he works out how best to fit into the side.
How he can improve: The impressive long passing we saw from his Ajax days has been missing in the Premier League, along with his one-on-one skills in crowded midfield areas. Whatever he's holding back could soon to be unleashed, but to do so, he needs to impose himself on games with more consistency.
32. Conor Bradley, RB
Club/country: Liverpool/Northern Ireland
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €15m
It's rare to see an academy graduate grab the limelight in the middle of a season to the extent that Bradley has done for Liverpool. In fact, his performances have been of such an outstanding nature that whoever replaces Jürgen Klopp as manager in the summer might need to move Trent Alexander-Arnold into midfield permanently to make space for the flying right-back.
Strengths: While he has solid technical, physical and tactical aspects, it's Bradley's fearless and positive mentality that makes him so good. From his debut in November, he has looked at home at the elite level of European football. And, though the sample size is slim, Bradley's stats show his impact at both ends of the pitch: either an amazing average of 12 successful defensive actions per 90 minutes, or the 3.2 touches in the opposing box per 90 minutes that illustrate his attacking prowess. It's also worth noting that his searing pace is a valuable asset going forward and allows him to make defensive recoveries without having to tackle.
How he can improve: As can be expected from a player with an all-action style, Bradley can run out of stamina toward the end of a game. Klopp does like to use all five substitutions, though, which means the defender doesn't have to hold back his infectious energy.
31. Kobbie Mainoo, CM
Club/country: Manchester United/England
Age: 18
Estimated transfer value: €40m
The emergence of Mainoo has been one of the bright points in an otherwise bleak season at Old Trafford. If it wasn't for an injury that he picked up during preseason, the 18-year-old academy graduate would probably have seen action earlier. But since making his first-team debut in November, he has won rave reviews for his performances, helps to dictate the tempo of the game for United and landed his first senior England callup.
Strengths: Usually lined up as a holding midfielder in a double pivot (though he often makes movements akin to a No. 8), Mainoo has done well in both attacking and defensive phases of the game. His presence is particularly felt in midfield tackles (where he wins an average of 70%), but his ability to keep the ball, evade pressure and quickly find passing options has also proved valuable to manager Erik ten Hag. The way he has immediately imposed himself on the Premier League is admirable.
How he can improve: Mainoo could take more risks. His passing has generally been on the safe side, rather than game-changing, and needs more variation, with fans keen to see more of the 35-yard balls that he was renowned for at academy level. Having shown that he can strike a shot well -- both of his goals this season have come from just inside the box -- there's no reason to hold back there either.
30. Malo Gusto, RB
Club/country: Chelsea/France
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €32m
One of the earlier arrivals of Chelsea's €1 billion spending spree under co-owner Todd Boehly, Gusto signed for €30m from Lyon in January 2023 before heading back to the French club on loan last season. He made his Chelsea debut at the start of this campaign and is now looking increasingly comfortable, as he has had plenty of game time while deputising for the injured Reece James.
Strengths: Quick, agile and technically sound, Gusto may be a right-back but his impact in attack cannot be understated. So far this season he has contributed eight assists (five in the Premier League) and the quality of his crosses into the box is up there with the best. The Frenchman gets into smart positions to deliver the ball and usually takes an extra touch to measure up his options rather than casually striking it first time. With 60-plus passes per 90 minutes, Gusto is one of the full-backs in the Premier League who sees the most ball contact (15 forward passes per 90 minutes, with a 79% accuracy).
How he can improve: The odd passive moment still creeps in -- for example while defending the post from a corner -- and while his defensive impact is improving (10.2 successful defensive actions per 90 minutes), he could maintain his focus better. His tackles can also be on the rough side, with one red card and five bookings registered this season.
29. Matias Soulé, AM
Club/country: Juventus (Frosinone, loan)/Argentina
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €25m
One of the breakout players in Serie A this season, the Juventus loanee has blossomed at struggling Frosinone with 10 goals from 26 games so far. Having turned down a massive move to the Saudi Pro League in January, Soulé will be looking to make a similar impact for Juventus when he returns from loan next season.
Strengths: As a drifting attacking midfielder, Soulé prefers to cut infield onto his left foot, yet he can appear centrally too. Once on the ball he has the technical and tactical intelligence to pick the right pass or look for a one-two combination to set up a shot from distance. While his two-footed dribbling skills attract attention, the Argentina U20 international is also a smart and incisive off-the-ball runner. Soulé's ability to impact a game as a playmaker is well illustrated through the fact he makes an average of 6.4 successful attacking actions per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: Though already fairly disciplined in the defensive side of the game, Soulé could be even more active when it comes to tracking back to help his teammates. And, with the quality of his left foot, he has the potential to become one of the top set-piece experts in Serie A if he puts the work in.
28. Levi Colwill, CB
Club/country: Chelsea/England
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €50m
After an inspiring season on loan at Brighton, Colwill is on track to become one of England's top centre-backs for years to come. Chelsea have made more use of his versatility this campaign, requiring him to deputise at left-back, yet he has looked increasingly comfortable in tandem with Axel Disasi.
Strengths: Stylistically, Colwill is one of the new generation of centre-backs who are equally at ease in both phases of the game. Despite his young age, he brings an aura of calm, and his "signature move" from his Brighton days -- where he would draw pressure from an opponent before moving the ball into the open space in midfield -- is a fine example of his composure and assured short passing. Defensively, he rarely gets drawn into rash challenges as he tends to wait to make a decision before snuffing out the danger. And his maturity and determination are hugely impressive.
How he can improve: While his short passing is excellent, Colwill could still up his accuracy when opting for longer balls (41% accuracy -- though that figure is compromised by his spell at left-back, where the angles are trickier).
27. Johan Bakayoko, FW
Club/country: PSV Eindhoven/Belgium
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €40m
Reported to be on the shortlist of some top European clubs -- including Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, PSG and Dortmund -- the left-footed winger has been one of PSV's outstanding players this season and is going from strength to strength after a breakthrough campaign last year.
Strengths: Bakayoko has an explosive turn of pace and desire to drive at opposing full-backs with the ball at his feet, but his close control and positional awareness also allow him to slide passes between the defensive lines and create chances for his teammates (13 assists this season from all competitions). He is most dangerous when cutting in from the right onto his left foot, and half of his eight league goals this season have been neatly placed efforts from the edge of the box. Though a creative player who thrives in the final third, he doesn't neglect his defensive duties either (though for tactical reasons he is often exempted from tracking back by his manager so he can lead the counter-attack).
How he can improve: Improving his weaker right foot would make him even more effective and give him another edge in one-vs.-one situations, as he can be predictable when cutting inside instead of crossing.
26. Pape Matar Sarr, CM
Club/country: Tottenham Hotspur/Senegal
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €40m
While the Senegal international showed occasional promise last season, he has been a revelation in the Tottenham midfield this campaign. Having arrived at the club for around €20m from Metz in 2021, before returning on loan for a season, it took until January 2023 for him to make his Premier League debut. But while Sarr needed time to settle properly, he's now a key player for Ange Postecoglou.
Strengths: A disciplined, multifunctional, box-to-box midfielder with a commendable attitude, Sarr has a strong work rate and his spatial awareness and sheer dynamism often result in him being near the ball. His stamina is also extremely useful for Postecoglou's press as he quickly gets back into the team shape and closes the necessary gaps. Sarr is comfortable on the ball but usually chooses to pick out his more creative teammates quickly, instead of trying something himself (he has made 6.3 passes into the final third per 90 minutes at an 80% success rate this season).
How he can improve: While he is clearly positive in his passing, he could try to be a bit more incisive when entering the final third. Improving his interception ability would be worthwhile for his role, while he can hone his dribbling -- which can sometimes appear untidy, with the need for a few adjusting touches.
25. Maximilian Beier, CF
Club/country: TSG Hoffenheim/Germany
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €25m
With a brace against Borussia Dortmund in February, Beier became the youngest player to score 10 goals in the Bundesliga this season (12 in total), and also has five assists. He is one of the most in-form forwards in Germany and will be looking to cement his place in the national squad for Euro 2024 on home soil.
Strengths: Having been loaned out to Hannover in the 2.Bundesliga for the past two campaigns, Beier has shown himself capable of being a top-level striker this season, with an impressive 2.7 shots on goal per 90 minutes. The 21-year-old resembles RB Leipzig's Timo Werner in the way he roams around on the left with determination and hassles defenders when out of possession. He also thrives in transition and, though technically a centre-forward, Beier's constant movement across and behind the defensive line makes him more than a fixed point of reference in attack as he also creates space for his teammates.
How he can improve: Beier is not among the most naturally gifted forwards, but his industry and positive mentality illustrate how he has adapted to a playing style that gets the most out of his game. He could work on his aerial ability, though, as he is yet to score from a header this season.
24. Ousmane Diomande, CB
Club/country: Sporting CP/Ivory Coast
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €80m
Sporting have done it again. Signing Diomande a year ago for a measly €7m from Danish side FC Midtjylland, the Portuguese club inserted an €80m release clause into his contract and he is now being linked with every top club in Europe. The Ivory Coast international helped his side win the African Cup of Nations in January and is gradually staking his claim as one of the most exciting young defenders around.
Strengths: Able to play on either side of Ruben Amorim's back three, Diomande's blend of elegance and authority can sometimes make it seem as if the Portuguese league is too easy for him. His defending is resolute -- when he commits, he commits fully -- and he is strong in the air and across the ground. Yet, he's also very composed and good on the ball, with his switches of play, disguised passes and long balls forward of an especially high standard. Diomande's measured playing style has few flaws and there's every chance he will continue to take his game to another level.
How he can improve: Given his ability on the ball and freedom to push forward, Diomande could participate even more from an attacking point of view as his 0.6 touches in the attacking box per 90 minutes is on the low side.
23. Evan Ferguson, 19
Club/country: Brighton/Republic of Ireland
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €60m
Having become the first teenager since Wayne Rooney -- the player he modelled himself on -- to score 10 Premier League goals in a calendar year, Ferguson is widely rated as one of the top up-and-coming centre-forwards in world football.
Strengths: From a physical and mental point of view, Ferguson appears to possess everything required of a No. 9 striker. He's robust, his off-the-ball movement is powerful and determined, his physique is highly developed for a teenager, and his link-up game is good, too. Perhaps even more impressively, he also sports an outstanding mentality. The teenager is fearless on the pitch and, no matter how imposing the centre-back, plays with the same application despite often operating up front on his own.
How he can improve: As with most teenage strikers, Ferguson has yet to find consistency in his goal scoring (though 12 from less than 50 Premier League outings is decent). His relentless industry can sometimes result in sloppy touches and rushed decision-making, which is shown by a 17% conversion rate from 57% of his shots on target.
22. Giorgio Scalvini, CB
Club/country: Atalanta/Italy
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €45m
Despite his tender years, Scalvini is almost the complete centre-back already and has carried on his positive development this season. Tactically astute and dominant in the air, Scalvini is already among the elite centre-backs in Serie A.
Strengths: Scalvini can play on either side of Atalanta's three-man defence, while his qualities on the ball are of such a high standard that he can also seamlessly step into midfield to build numerical superiority in possession. As he approaches his 90th first-team appearance for Atalanta, Scalvini plays like a seasoned defender; he's calm in possession, uses his 6-foot-4 frame to take charge in the air, and even has the dark arts of defending covered (e.g. a little push to put an opponent off balance or a disguised shirt tug) to regain the ball.
How he can improve: Giving away fewer fouls is an obvious area of improvement, as 1.5 per 90 minutes is on the high side, even in an aggressive side that deploys a high defensive line. His intelligence and movement can get him out of trouble, but he can struggle with speed against exceptionally quick opponents -- for instance, Rafael Leão gave him a torrid time in the 1-1 draw against AC Milan in February.
21. Destiny Udogie, LB
Club/country: Tottenham/Italy
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €45m
One of the most impactful new arrivals to the Premier League over recent years, the Italy international left-back has been consistently impressive for Tottenham since arriving from Udinese for around €25m last summer.
Strengths: Despite being tall for a full-back (6-foot-2), Udogie's size by no means compromises his movement, speed or desire to get forward at any opportunity. Every bit a modern full-back, the 21-year-old is extremely active from his role on the left, having the stamina, power and determination to cover the entirety of the flank, where he times his overlaps well and links in intelligently with his teammates. For all his willingness to attack, he is also an accomplished defender and his ability to quickly enter pressing mode after the team loses possession is priceless to Spurs manager Ange Postecoglou's high-energy, aggressive brand of football. Udogie's sheer enthusiasm for the game is contagious, too.
How he can improve: Due to the all-action nature of his game, Udogie consistently makes fouls (1.5 per 90 minutes) and, though it's not a fundamental part of Spurs' game plan, his crossing could also do with some polishing.
20. Endrick, FW
Club/country: Palmeiras/Brazil
Age: 17
Estimated transfer value: €72m
Though still a few months away from joining Real Madrid when he turns 18, the Palmeiras striker has already attracted a lot of attention since agreeing a €72m move to the Spanish giants. As yet, however, he has responded well to the added expectations, finishing the Brazilian Serie A season with 11 goals and a championship winner's medal to go alongside success in the Supercopa do Brasil and Campeonato Paulista. He has also scored his first senior goal for Brazil.
Strengths: It's easy to understand why Endrick is being touted as a future star of world football: in addition to his excellent one-vs.-one skills, he also possesses a quick turn of pace from a standing position which can leave markers stranded. But arguably his most notable feature is his excellent finishing from inside the box. He averages 2.9 shots per 90 minutes (of which an impressive 62.5% end up on target) and for all the fancy tricks and flicks, he's a hard worker who is also decent in the air.
How he can improve: There are still areas to improve in the tactical side of his game, which is expected at age 17. But, due to his age, he can also be overly direct in his approach, trying to take on opponents in crowded areas when an easy pass is better option. Though he's still to cement a fixed position in the side -- he can turn up in wide areas as well as centrally -- his roaming nature can take an edge off his poaching instinct.
19. António Silva, CB
Club/country: Benfica/Portugal
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €60m
It has been only 18 months since Silva was catapulted into the Benfica first team by manager Roger Schmidt, but he keeps going from strength to strength. With seven senior caps for Portugal and closing in on 80 competitive starts for his club, he is one of the most sought-after young centre-backs in Europe and has a reported release clause of €100m.
Strengths: Playing alongside the more aggressive Nicolás Otamendi for Benfica, Silva tends to stick to his position, keep the shape of the back four in order and set the offside line. When called upon, he deals expertly with one-vs.-ones thanks to his fine recovery speed and often anticipates danger before it arises. In possession, Silva is already bordering on the elite among his peers the Europe. His 88% accuracy from an average of 20 forward passes per 90 minutes -- many of which are line-breaking -- shows his importance in a side that build from the back.
How he can improve: Despite not being overly rash in his challenges (he makes only 0.6 fouls per 90 minutes), Silva has been sent off twice in the Champions League so far. One was a handball on the goal line, but it's still a record to be looked at and his composure could come under scrutiny.
18. Vitor Roque, ST
Club/country: Barcelona/Brazil
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €50m
With two goals and a red card, the teenage striker has had an eventful start to his Barcelona career following a €40m transfer from Athletico-PR in January. Having excelled for Brazil's national side at youth level, Vitor Roque was also capped for the senior Selecao in a friendly against Morocco last year.
Strengths: He enjoys dropping deep to take part in the buildup, or picking up a position wide on the left, but it's inside the box where Vitor Roque feels properly at home. His explosive dashes with the ball at his feet are particularly effective, and the intense nature of his game, low centre of gravity and compact physique have seen him likened in style to Argentina and Man City legend Sergio Agüero. A natural two-footed finisher, he rarely needs extra touches before striking the ball and is capable of hitting the target from a variety of angles. Unusually for a striker who is only 5-foot-8, Vitor Roque is also good in the air -- six of his 12 goals in the Brazilian league last season came from a header.
How he can improve: While his goal tally should increase once he gets used to Barcelona's collective attacking patterns, he tends to opt for power rather than precision when going for goal. A bit more patience in those crucial moments wouldn't go amiss.
17. Sávio, FW
Club/country: Troyes (Girona, loan)/Brazil
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €40m
A left-footed winger who can feature on either side of the pitch, Girona loanee Savio has contributed heavily to the club's surprise run at the LaLiga title. Indeed, he has seven goals and as many assists this season, which is an amazing return for a young prospect who was until recently lacking in end product. Now he is expected to join Manchester City from Ligue 2 club Troyes (who are also part of the City Football Group) for around €30m in the summer.
Strengths: Savio's tremendous dribbling ability and pace means he can break the defensive line in central areas as well as out wide, even when facing a double-team. His acceleration sees him reach top speed from a standing position in a matter of seconds, while his fine technique and almost gymnast-like command of his body renders him extremely tricky to read for opponents. His off-the-ball running is done with determination and purpose, he excels at keeping his balance -- often just bouncing off physical challenges -- and positions himself well for combinations and passing moves with his teammates.
How he can improve: His defending is a work in progress, although a near-50% success rate from the defensive duels is decent, and his passing can still be imprecise. This could be explained by the innate directness in his game, as he tends to look for the high-risk forward pass, but he also has quite an overreliance on his stronger left foot.
16. Nico Williams, FW
Club/country: Athletic Club/Spain
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €50m
Now an integral member of the Spain senior side, Williams is among the most coveted attacking players in LaLiga. However, he signed a new three-year deal with the Basque club in December to fend off Premier League suitors.
Strengths: Usually fielded as a left winger, but with licence to roam inside, Williams predominantly stands out for his exhilarating burst of pace, persistent dribbling and uncompromising directness. Excellent with the ball at his feet, he is hard to knock off it and takes on defenders at an average of 10.3 times per 90 minutes. And, despite not hugging the touchlines, he is also an effective crosser of the ball (4.4 per 90 minutes, with a noteworthy 40% accuracy).
How he can improve: Somewhat over-reliant on his stronger right foot (though that dependency is dropping and he recently scored a fine goal against Atletico Madrid with his left), Williams could become an even more effective attacking presence with a higher degree of variety in his movement. His conversion rate of 11% on his 55 shots also points to a relatively low productivity in front of goal.
15. Alejandro Garnacho, FW
Club/country: Manchester United/England
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €50m
Garnacho has kicked on from a promising breakout season to become one of Manchester United's main offensive threats in 2023-24. It's understandable why Man United boss Erik ten Hag opts to keep him on the pitch (he has featured for at least 80 minutes in all games after the turn of the year) for as long as possible as he's capable of turning the game in a flash.
Strengths: Last season he offered attacking incisiveness, with rapid bursts of acceleration, unpredictable movement and elite dribbling at speed. And this season it's much the same but with even more of an impact. As well as his obvious attacking traits, he has improved his consistency and dependability, his physique looks more robust, and he has been more diligent over his defensive duties with a respectable 6.21 successful actions per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: As with most young wingers, he tends to take on too much himself. Sometimes going it alone can be an asset for his team, but he can look disjointed from his teammates. That's not always his own fault, as Manchester United's attacking structure is not always well coordinated, but football is a team game.
14. Alejandro Baldé, LB
Club/country: Barcelona/Spain
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €40m
The Spain defender has not started this season as well as he finished the last, but just as he was rediscovering his form he was ruled out until June with a muscle injury. He has been missed as, though technically lined up as a left-back in a back four (or a wing-back when Xavi has opted to play with three at the back), Baldé really plays as a left winger due to his desire to get forward.
Strengths: His role demands a lot of stamina, given the energy-sapping recovering runs he is required to make when Barcelona lose possession, and his tremendous speed comes in handy there. Yet the club's set formation means that most of his defensive work (pressing, interceptions and tackles) happens in the attacking half. On the ball, Baldé is more effective when allowed to make penetrative runs inside, rather than crossing or building play down the flanks, and is a menace going forward with 4.4 dribbles per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: As a La Masia academy graduate, Baldé has quickly settled into Barca's complex system. However, making sure that his attacking instinct doesn't come at the expense of defending is key to his development.
13. Jérémy Doku, FW
Club/country: Manchester City/Belgium
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €65m
Doku has seen plenty of playing time since joining Manchester City from Rennes for €65m last summer, a clear indication of how highly he's rated by manager Pep Guardiola. Being able to play on either wing makes him highly useful for tactical purposes and the Belgium international looks comfortable with the speed of Premier League football already.
Strengths: One of the elite high-volume dribblers (15 per 90 minutes, with a 60% success rate), Doku's darting pace and ability to control the ball at speed make him a tough opponent. He is hard to knock off balance and is also in the top 1% in the Premier League when it comes to pushing into the box. As a result of his attacking skills, his defensive input can often be overlooked, but he enters an average of 4.9 defensive duels per 90% with a 72% success rate (impressive numbers for a winger).
How he can improve: Doku has had a promising start to his Manchester City career, but his impact on matches varies and he needs to release the ball quicker when being double-teamed in wide areas on the left and is too predictable when always cutting inside onto his right foot. He could benefit from testing the goalkeeper more and, in a possession-heavy side like City, upping his 90-minute average of 2.3 shots should not be unrealistic.
12. João Neves, CM
Club/country: Benfica/Portugal
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €45m
Arguably the prime example of a central midfielder who can do it all, Joao Neves is unsurprisingly among the most coveted teenagers in the world and, given he has a reported release clause of €120m, has seen plenty of transfer links with Manchester United.
Strengths: Neves is both a playmaker with outstanding vision, technique and a remarkable passing range, and also a defensive midfielder who can recover the ball, cover large areas of the pitch and press the opposition with intensity. He functions best in a double pivot -- a withdrawn midfield role alongside a teammate -- and is able to quickly map his surroundings and decide on his next move. But while his flair catches the eye, he's got a bite to his game. Neves is not afraid to tackle, is surprisingly dominant in the air given his 5-foot-9 frame, and has an impressive average of five ball recoveries in the opposing half per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: His technical ability is of such a high standard that he could add more goals from midfield as he positions himself at the edge of the box on set pieces unless he is the one who is taking it. He could also take more risks when it comes to passing the ball forward as he's just short of two progressive passes per 90 minutes currently.
11. Cole Palmer, AM
Club/country: Chelsea/England
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €80m
A £40m transfer fee to move from Manchester City on deadline day last summer may have seemed excessive at the time, but seven months later it looks great value. Palmer's impact on Chelsea has been nothing short of sensational.
Strengths: With 16 goals and 12 assists all competitions, it is clear that the 21-year-old is a productive player -- though he is tasked with taking penalties. Not only has he outscored his xG, his versatility and consistency in attack has been vital in the absence of a high-scoring centre-forward at Stamford Bridge. and as Mauricio Pochettino has struggled to find his best attacking lineup.
An expert finisher with either foot, Palmer has hit 46% of his total shots (100) on target this season across all competitions, which is incredible. He is a progressive passer of the ball, and his exceptional game-reading skills see him pop up in clever areas around the box -- much like Chelsea legend Frank Lampard once did -- while his quick ball control allows him to slide past his marker or find space behind the defensive line.
How he can improve: Though it's not a fundamental aspect of his (or Chelsea's) game, he could be more forceful in aerial duels as he has come away with only a 27.3% success rate.
10. Warren Zaïre-Emery, CM
Club/country: Paris Saint-Germain/France
Age: 18
Estimated transfer value: €60m
Arguably 2023's top breakout talent in Ligue 1, Zaire-Emery has quickly gone from a highly rated academy prospect to an indispensable member of the first team. Last year he became the club's youngest goal scorer and even netted on his senior France debut against Gibraltar in November to become his country's third-youngest scorer of all time.
Strengths: Zaire-Emery can play as a No. 6 or No. 8 in midfield but is also versatile enough to feature at right wing-back. Despite his age, he wants to assume responsibility on the pitch, always asking for the ball and showing exceptional maturity in his distribution (82% successful forward passes per 90 minutes) even when put under pressure. Furthermore, he has excellent movements in the box, which is likely to increase his goal-scoring contributions.
How he can improve: Having experienced such an explosive development over the past year, Zaire-Emery is well on schedule in all aspects of his game. His accuracy from crosses could be improved, while his attacking nature means the defensive side of his game suffers a little.
9. Lamine Yamal
Club/country: Barcelona/Spain
Age: 16
Estimated transfer value: €150m
La Masia has done it again! As the youngest first-team player in Barcelona history, Yamal is already an established star in his own right. And, with two goals from four games for Spain, he's even emerging as a difference-maker for his country, too.
Strengths: A major threat on the right wing, Yamal is blessed with excellent technical ability and has an innate capability for improvisation and penetrating off-the-ball movement that makes him extremely hard to anticipate. His diagonal runs -- whether looking for a one-two or attempting a shot on goal -- are incisive and full of purpose and, while his pace is not as explosive as some, he is keen to run at the opposition and makes 9-plus take-ons per 90 minutes at a 55% success rate. The quality of his crosses is impressive, too.
Since the turn of the year, Yamal has served up a couple of "goal of the season" contenders -- the winner against Mallorca arguably the pick of the bunch -- demonstrating his outstanding close control in tight spaces and a powerful left-footed shot. For one so young, it's an incredible array of skills.
How he can improve: Tactically and physically he's doing well, and even his defensive contribution is on level with similar players who are several years his senior. He could always improve his weaker right foot and, as he learns how to make even more of an impact across 90 minutes, Barcelona will need to manage his talent given the huge exposure he is attracting now.
8. Rasmus Højlund, ST
Club/country: Manchester United/Denmark
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €80m
Much was made of Højlund's failure to score in the Premier League following his €72m move from Atalanta this summer. However, the Denmark international stuck at it and went on a run of seven goals from as many matches before an injury ruled him out in mid-February.
Strengths: Højlund has great pace over long distances and understandably thrives in transition when the game opens up. But he has also exhibited his poaching qualities and has proved himself to be a multifaceted finisher who is dangerous when he can set himself up on his powerful left foot. Højlund also deserves credit for his strong mindset; even when the goals were lacking, he kept working hard for his team with his pressing and ability to win the ball back high up the pitch.
How he can improve: His link-up play and understanding with his teammates are improving already, but he can become even stronger in the air as he wins an average of only 25% of his aerial duels. Though not necessarily through any fault of his own as a lone centre-forward in a United team that hasn't always clicked, he could take more shots on goal as his tally stands at 1.7 shots per 90 minutes.
7. Eduardo Camavinga, CM
Club/country: Real Madrid/France
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €90m
Now in his third season at the Bernabeu, Camavinga is still a way off assuming the dominating midfield role that was foreseen when he joined. But the competition is immense at Madrid, and even when fielded at left-back, the France international rarely puts in a poor performance.
Strengths: Despite being used mainly as a utility player, Camavinga is at his best when he can dictate the game from deep in midfield -- either as a lone pivot, or to the left in a double pivot. But with Toni Kroos and Luka Modric likely to call an end to their Madrid careers soon, time is on Camavinga's side.
Regardless where he lines up, he is still one of the most eye-catching, elegant players around. He covers plenty of ground, constantly popping up near the ball, and has an incredible range and rhythm to his passing, which he likes to execute with his preferred left foot. He also closes down opponents and wins the ball back well (8.5 recoveries per 90 minutes).
How he can improve: While his trademark progressive passing is likely to sharpen as he reassumes a more strategic role in the team, his consistent fouling (2.4 per 90 minutes) is an issue to rectify.
6. Xavi Simons, AM
Club/country: PSG (RB Leipzig, loan)/Netherlands
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €70m
Any doubters who thought Simons' flair game wouldn't suit the more physical Bundesliga have been proved wrong. Indeed, the PSG loanee has adapted in record time and is arguably one of the top creative midfielders in the German league, scoring eight goals -- of which at least three are "goal of the season" contenders -- and providing 12 assists in all competitions.
Strengths: Simons blends a wonderful first touch with remarkable ballstriking abilities. He is agile and smart enough to pick the right space between the defensive lines, always producing a passing option for his teammates, and his goals and assists show he's impressively productive, with a stunning 65% of his dribbles proving successful. Simons works hard defensively too, as evidenced by 72% successful defensive duels -- from 3.4 -- per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: Simons could try to get into the box even more than he does (only 3.5 touches in the opposing box per 90 minutes), though he generally prefers to take up a position outside the area as he's an expert finisher from distance and not that strong in the air.
5. Gavi, CM
Club/country: Barcelona/Spain
Age: 19
Estimated transfer value: €100m
Both Barcelona and Spain were dealt a huge blow when the midfielder suffered an ACL injury while representing his country in November and was ruled out for the season. Before disaster struck, Gavi -- even to his high standards -- was playing some of the best football of his life and saw over 1,000 minutes of action.
Strengths: An example of a modern midfielder does not come more complete than Gavi. "Box-to-box" doesn't really do him justice as he covers huge lateral areas, too. He is an exceptional passer with plenty of variety -- he breaks lines, sets up triangles, plays one-twos, and can hit it short and long with high precision -- but also displays remarkable mental qualities. Much of what he does is extremely complicated, yet he makes it all look natural.
Gavi links defence with the attack by drifting into clever pockets of space and is a determined recoverer of the ball who never shies away from his pressing duties. Indeed, he hassles, closes down and tackles opponents every single week with no drop in enthusiasm.
How he can improve: Already one of the outstanding young midfielders in the world, Gavi might give everything to the cause, but he can still build up his physicality. As he progresses, his concentration levels can also improve, while he concedes too many fouls and gets on the wrong side of the referees too often. Incredibly, despite being out of action since November, he is still the Barcelona player with the most fouls in LaLiga this season (31.)
4. Pedri, CM
Club/country: Barcelona/Spain
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €100m
Unfortunately, the Barcelona midfielder has had his season compromised by injuries. Whenever he has been about to hit form, he has been hit by another lengthy layoff. However, Pedri has still managed over 1,500 minutes of football (Jude Bellingham has 2,700, by way of comparison), so he still deserves a spot on the list.
Strengths: A naturally talented, intelligent footballer, Pedri can play in any role in central midfield. He has had stints as a deep-lying playmaker, as a No. 8, or No. 10, and floats in and out of space to perform his passing duties. Always on hand to receive the ball with an awareness of what is around him, his close control in tight areas and nimble physique make him particularly resistant to an opponent's press. And, once he's away from his marker(s), you can be certain he'll pick the right pass.
Pedri helps Barcelona keep the tempo of the game, but his defence-splitting through balls are also a wonderful feature of his game. On top of that, he's disciplined and works meticulously for his team, making 3.55 interceptions per 90 minutes.
How he can improve: Once he has put his injury troubles behind him, the next challenge is to rediscover the physical dynamism that saw him establish himself as one of the most proficient one-vs.-one dribblers in world football.
3. Jamal Musiala, AM
Club/country: Bayern Munich/Germany
Age: 21
Estimated transfer value: €100m
Bayern have not enjoyed the best of seasons by their lofty standards, but, alongside teammates Harry Kane and Leroy Sané, Musiala has cemented his status as one of the club's top performers and is a real difference-maker.
Strengths: Musiala's footballing intelligence is quite remarkable for one so young. Whether positioned wide on the left or as a No. 10, he connects seamlessly with his teammates by way of short, rapid exchanges and subtle touches. Always looking for a quick one-two or to beat an opponent with his fine dribbling skills, he is crucial for a team that almost invariably faces opponents who sit back behind the ball to defend.
Yet for all his technical ability and creativity, Musiala is by no means a luxury player: he's often the first point of pressure for regaining possession (16-plus attacking duels per 90 minutes). Though mostly utilised as an attacking midfielder, the Germany international is so versatile that he can feature in every midfield role -- even as a holding player in a double pivot.
How he can improve: While Musiala is undoubtedly influential already, he should look to get on the ball more frequently than he does (an average of just 36 passes per 90 minutes).
2. Florian Wirtz, AM
Club/country: Bayer Leverkusen/Germany
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €100m
Despite missing most of 2022 because of a cruciate ligament injury, Wirtz has returned to make a huge impact for the Bundesliga leaders with 17 assists and 11 goals in 36 games this season. The playmaker -- who tends to feature on the left side behind the centre-forward -- can take a large share of the credit for what increasingly looks like it will be Leverkusen's first title success. Right now, Wirtz is arguably the best out-and-out attacking playmaker in world football.
Strengths: The key to Wirtz's devastating impact is his spatial awareness. He's exceptionally smart in finding space for himself; wherever there's room to exploit, he will be there. The Germany international has a wonderful first touch, and his control is so acute that is doesn't take much for him to see the perfect pass to a forward player or one of Leverkusen's relentlessly direct wing-backs.
For a midfielder, he's a prolific goal scorer and gets forward a lot (4.4 touches in the attacking box per 90 minutes), with his delicate chipped finishes now something of a trademark.
How he can improve: Wirtz could offer a higher defensive contribution, but Xabi Alonso's system at Leverkusen is designed for his attacking midfielders to focus on making an attacking impact as there's plenty enough cover in midfield to close down opponents or regain possession.
1. Jude Bellingham, CM
Club/country: Real Madrid/England
Age: 20
Estimated transfer value: €180m
While Bellingham's No. 1 rank in this list last year was subject to very little debate, there were even fewer voices of disagreement this time around. The England international moved from Dortmund for an initial €103m in the summer and has upped his game to stratospheric levels with 20 goals from 31 appearances in his debut season. He should be in the running for the Ballon d'Or this year.
Strengths: Carlo Ancelotti's tactical tweaks have seen Bellingham play in less familiar positions for Madrid -- out wide on the left, tucked in behind the main striker, doing shifts as a "false No. 9," or in his more traditional No. 8 role -- and, remarkably, that has gotten even more end product out of the youngster.
Bellingham never fails to make an impact on a game, and he has every major attribute nailed down already. His practical technique, high-speed dribbling and ability to outpace opponents in midfield make him hard to stop. But it is the ease with which he receives and moves on the ball, as well his incredible movement, that is most impressive.
He was always a threat in front of goal at Dortmund, but his finishing technique -- always carefully premeditated before making contact with the ball -- has improved further, and his ability to score from distance has been game-changing. Yet, he's always ready to dig in when Madrid are out of possession and make an interception (3.2 per 90 minutes).
How he can improve: Last year we highlighted his slightly low shot accuracy (38%, which was still more than adequate). At Real Madrid, that metric has gone up to 52% from 83 shots taken. If that's not enough, Bellingham has taken his already strong passing game to another level: this season 90% of his passes into the final third end up with a teammate. There's nothing left to improve!
