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Spain were disqualified from the World Cup because three members of Alcobendas Rugby Club falsified a copy of an ineligible player's passport, the Spanish Rugby Federation's (FER) board of directors told a news conference on Friday.
Spain have been disqualified from next year's Rugby World Cup in France after fielding an ineligible player in two matches of the 2021-22 Rugby Europe Championship.
Spain hung on to beat Portugal 33-28 in Madrid on Sunday and seal a place at the 2023 Rugby World Cup in France, only the second time they have qualified for the global showpiece tournament.
Russia have been handed a place in the 2019 Rugby World Cup after an independent disputes committee found Romania and Spain had committed eligibility violations during qualification.
Five Spain players have been banned for a combined 121 weeks by Rugby Europe after they confronted referee Vlad Iordachescu at the end of their side's controversial defeat to Belgium last month.
World Rugby has commissioned an independent disputes committee to review the controversial end to Europe's World Cup qualification period.
Rugby Europe admitted "regret" over their decision and the subsequent controversy which followed their appointment of Romanian referee Vlad Iordachescu and two Romanian assistant referees for Spain's World Cup qualifier defeat to Belgium last weekend.
Spain have asked for their controversial defeat to Belgium to be replayed after lodging a formal complaint to both World Rugby and Rugby Europe.
England kick-started their World Cup title defence with an effortless 56-5 win over Spain in Dublin.
